Intermediate

Three arguments from the existence of the universe: Kalam from a temporal beginning, Leibniz from contingency, Aquinas from an ordered causal series

18 min

From biological order to the narrow constants of physics, and the multiverse and observer-selection replies

16 min

Anselm's inference from a concept, Descartes' perfection version, Kant's objection that existence adds nothing, and Plantinga's modal reformulation

17 min

The claim that binding obligations need a commanding will, met by the Euthyphro dilemma and by secular accounts of moral facts

15 min

Whether the reports of people who take themselves to have encountered God are evidence, and what the diversity of those reports does to the argument

17 min

Pascal's wager, James's will to believe, and the question whether the consequences of holding a belief can be reasons for holding it

16 min

The logical and evidential versions of the argument from suffering, and what each of them requires a response to accomplish

18 min

The free will defence, the soul-making theodicy, the privation view, and skeptical theism, assessed against what each version of the problem requires

19 min

Whether the properties classical theism ascribes to God can all be held at once, and what the standard puzzles about omnipotence, immutability, and divine freedom actually establish

16 min

Whether testimony could ever make it reasonable to believe a law of nature was broken, and what such an event would show even if it were established

15 min

Two incompatible pictures of survival, the identity problem that both face, and whether eternal punishment can be reconciled with perfect goodness

18 min

Projection theories, the cognitive science of religion, and what actually follows for the truth of a belief from an account of why people hold it

18 min